Research papers R–V

The information on this website is based on published scientific research. Most of the papers listed below are available on the Internet and DOI links have been added for all bar a few papers. PubMed links have been added for the remainder.

Last updated: March 2024

R

Raine-Fenning N, Kilby, M. Obstetric cholestasis. Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review 1997; 9(1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0965539597000016.

Ranta T, Unnérus HA, Rossi J, Seppälä M. Elevated plasma prolactin concentration in cholestasis of pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 1979; 134: 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(79)90786-5.

Rao Z-Z, Zhang X-W, Ding Y-L, Yang M-Y. miR-148a-mediated estrogen-induced cholestasis in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: role of PXR/MRP3. PLOS ONE 2017; 12(6): e0178702. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178702.

Rathi U, Bapat M, Rathi P, Abraham P. Effect of liver disease on maternal and fetal outcome--a prospective study. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology 2007; 26: 59–63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17558066/.

Räty R, Anttila L, Virtanen A, Koskinen P, Laitinen P, Mörsky P, Tiitinen A, Martikainen H, Ekblad U. Maternal midtrimester free β-HCG and AFP serum levels in spontaneous singleton pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension or obstetric cholestasis. Prenatal Diagnosis 2003; 23: 1045–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.751.

Raz Y, Lavie A, Vered Y, Goldiner I, Skornick-Rapaport A, Landsberg Asher Y, Maslovitz S, Levin I, Lessing JB, Kuperminc MJ, Rimon E. Severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a risk factor for preeclampsia in singleton and twin pregnancies. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2015; 213: 395–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.05.011.

RCOG. Obstetric Cholestasis. Green Top Guideline No 43, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17206.

Reid R, Ivey KJ, Rencoret RH, Storey B. Fetal complications of obstetric cholestasis. British Medical Journal 1976; 1: 870–2. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.6014.870.

Reyes H. The spectrum of liver and gastrointestinal disease seen in cholestasis of pregnancy. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 1992; 21: 905–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-8553(21)00609-9.

Reyes H. Review: intrahepatic cholestasis. A puzzling disorder of pregnancy. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 1997; 12(3): 211–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.1997.tb00410.x.

Reyes H, Sjövall J. Bile acids and progesterone metabolites in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Annals of Medicine 2000; 32: 94–106. https://doi.org/10.3109/07853890009011758.

Reyes H, Báez ME, González MC, Hernández I, Palma J, Ribalta J, Sandoval L, Zapata R. Selenium, zinc and copper plasma levels in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, in normal pregnancies and in healthy individuals, in Chile. Journal of Hepatology 2000; 32: 542–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(00)80214-7.

Reyes H, Gonzalez MC, Ribalta J, Aburto H, Matus C, Schramm G, Katz R, Medina E. Prevalence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in Chile. Annals of Internal Medicine 1978; 88: 487–93. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-4-487.

Reyes H, Radrigan ME, Gonzalez MC, Latorre R, Ribalta J, Segovia N, Alvarez C, Andresen M, Figueroa D, Lorca B. Steatorrhea in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Gastroenterology 1987; 93: 584–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(87)90922-X.

Reyes H, Ribalta J, González MC, Segovia N, Oberhauser E. Sulfobromophthalein clearance tests before and after ethinyl estradiol administration, in women and men with familial history of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Gastroenterology 1981; 81: 226–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(81)80051-0.

Reyes H, Ribalta J, González-Cerón M. Idiopathic cholestasis of pregnancy in a large kindred. Gut 1976; 17: 709–13. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.17.9.709.

Reyes H. Sex hormones and bile acids in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Hepatology 2008; 47: 376–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22139.

Reyes H, Taboada G, Ribalta J. Prevalence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in La Paz, Bolivia. Journal of Chronic Diseases 1979; 32: 499–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(79)90111-5.

Reyes H, Zapata R, Hernández I, Gotteland M, Sandoval L, Jirón MI, Palma J, Almuna R, Silva JJ. Is a leaky gut involved in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy? Hepatology 2006; 43: 715–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21099

Rezai S, Gallo D, Payero E, Henderson CE. Adjuvant use of rifampicin for refractory intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2019; 133: 384–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003095.

Ribalta J, Reyes H, Gonzalez MC, Iglesias J, Arrese M, Poniachik J, Molina C, Segovia N. S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with negative results. Hepatology 1991; 13: 1084–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840130613.

Riikonen S, Savonius H, Gylling H, Nikkilä K, Tuomi AM, Miettinen TA. Oral guar gum, a gel-forming dietary fiber relieves pruritus in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2000; 79(4): 260–4. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0412.2000.079004260.x.

Rioseco AJ, Ivankovic MB, Manzur A, Hamed F, Kato SR, Parer JT, Germain AM. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a retrospective case-control study of perinatal outcome. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 1994; 170: 890–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(94)70304-3.

Rodrigues CM, Fan G, Wong PY, Kren BT, Steer CJ. Ursodeoxycholic acid may inhibit deoxycholic acid-induced apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reactive oxygen species production. Molecular Medicine 1998; 4: 165–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03401914.

Rodrigues CM, Marín JJ, Brites D. Bile acid patterns in meconium are influenced by cholestasis of pregnancy and not altered by ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Gut 1999; 45: 446–52. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.45.3.446.

Rodríguez M, Moreno J, Márquez R, Eltit R, Martinez F, Sepúlveda-Martínez A, Parra-Cordero M. Increased PR interval in fetuses of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 2016; 40(4): 298–302. https://doi.org/10.1159/000444297.

Roger D, Vaillant L, Fignon A, Pierre F, Bacq Y, Brechot JF, Grangeponte MC, Lorette G. Specific pruritic diseases of pregnancy. A prospective study of 3192 pregnant women. Archives of Dermatology 1994; 130: 734–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1994.01690060064006.

Roncaglia N, Arreghini A, Locatelli A, Bellini P, Andreotti C, Ghidini A. Obstetric cholestasis: outcome with active management. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2002; 100: 167–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-2115(01)00463-8.

Roncaglia N, Trio D, Roffi L, Ciarla I, Tampieri A, Scian A, Bottino S. [Intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy: incidence, clinical course, complications] (in Italian). Annali di Ostetricia, Ginecologia, Medicina Perinatale 1991; 112: 146–51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1812797/.

Roncaglia N, Locatelli A, Arreghini A, Assi F, Cameroni I, Pezzullo JC, Ghidini A. A randomised controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid and S-adenosyl-l-methionine in the treatment of gestational cholestasis. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2004; 111: 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-0528.2003.00029.x.

Rook M, Vargas J, Caughey A, Bacchetti P, Rosenthal P, Bull L. Fetal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in a Northern California cohort. PLOS ONE 2012; 7: e28343. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028343.

Ropponen A, Sund R, Riikonen S, Ylikorkala O, Aittomäki K. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy as an indicator of liver and biliary diseases: a population-based study. Hepatology 2006; 43: 723–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21111.

Rosmorduc O, Hermelin B, Poupon R. MDR3 gene defect in adults with symptomatic intrahepatic and gallbladder cholesterol cholelithiasis. Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 1459–67. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2001.23947.

Ruetz S, Gros P. Phosphatidylcholine translocase: a physiological role for the mdr2 gene. Cell 1994; 77: 1071–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90446-4.

Russell DW. The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis. Annual Review of Biochemistry 2003; 72: 137–74. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712.

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Sadler LC, Lane M, North R. Severe fetal intracranial haemorrhage during treatment with cholestyramine for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1995; 102: 169–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09077.x.

Sanhal CY, Daglar K, Kara O, Kirbas A, Uygur D, Yucel A. Seasonal impact in the frequency of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine 2016; 22: 5–9. https://doi.org/10.21613/GORM.2016.87.

Savander M, Ropponen A, Avela K, Weerasekera N, Cormand B, Hirvioja ML, Riikonen S, Ylikorkala O, Lehesjoki AE, Williamson C, Aittomäki K. Genetic evidence of heterogeneity in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Gut 2003; 52: 1025–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.52.7.1025.

Schumann R, Hudcova J. Cholestasis of pregnancy, pruritus and 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2004; 83: 861–2. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0001-6349.2004.00556.x.

Schultz F, Hasan A, Alvarez-Laviada A, Miragoli, M, Bhogal N, Wells S, Poulet C, Chambers, J, Williamson C, Gorelik J. The protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in an in vitro model of the human fetal heart occurs via targeting cardiac fibroblasts. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 2016; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.01.003.

Schwörer H, Ramadori G. Improvement of cholestatic pruritus by ondansetron. Lancet 1993; 341: 1277. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)91178-O.

Sentilhes L, Verspyck E, Pia P, Marpeau L. Fetal death in a patient with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2006; 107: 458–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000187951.98401.f7.

Sepúlveda WH, González C, Cruz MA, Rudolph MI. Vasoconstrictive effect of bile acids on isolated human placental chorionic veins. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 1991; 42: 211–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-2243(91)90222-7.

Serra C, Dajti E, De Molo C, Montaguti E, Porro A, Seidenari A, Angilletta E, Bernardi V, Salsi G, Bakken SM, Montagnani M, Mazzella G, Azzaroli F. Utility of Doppler-ultrasound and liver elastography in the evaluation of patients with suspected pregnancy-related liver disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2023; 12(4): 1653. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041653.

Serrano MA, Brites D, Larena MG, Monte MJ, Bravo MP, Oliveira N, Marin JJ. Beneficial effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on alterations induced by cholestasis of pregnancy in bile acid transport across the human placenta. Journal of Hepatology 1998; 28: 829–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(98)80234-1.

Serrano MA, Macias RI, Vallejo M, Briz O, Bravo A, Pascual MJ, St-Pierre MV, Stieger B, Meier PJ, Marin JJ. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the impairment induced by maternal cholestasis in the rat placenta-maternal liver tandem excretory pathway. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2003; 305: 515–24. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.102.047977.

Serrano MA, Macias RI, Briz O, Monte MJ, Blazquez AG, Williamson C, Kubitz R, Marin JJ. Expression in human trophoblast and choriocarcinoma cell lines, BeWo, Jeg-3 and JAr of genes involved in the hepatobiliary-like excretory function of the placenta. Placenta 2007; 28: 107–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2006.03.009.

Sewell RB, Hardy KJ, Smallwood RA, Hoffman NE. Fetal bile salt metabolism: placental transfer of taurocholate in sheep. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 1980; 239: G354–7. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1980.239.5.G354.

Sewell RB, Hardy KJ, Smallwood RA, Hoffman NE. Fetal bile salt metabolism: placental transfer of dihydroxy bile salts in sheep. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 1982; 243: G172–5. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1982.243.2.G172.

Shand AW, Dickinson JE, D'Orsogna L. Refractory fetal supraventricular tachycardia and obstetric cholestasis. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 2008; 24: 277–81. https://doi.org/10.1159/000151676.

Shaw D, Frohlich J, Wittmann BA, Willms M. A prospective study of 18 patients with cholestasis of pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 1982; 142: 621–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(16)32430-9.

Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Miragoli M, Abu-Hayyeh S, Moshkov AV, Xie Q, Keitel V, Nikolaev VO, Williamson C, Gorelik J. Bile acid-induced arrhythmia is mediated by muscarinic M2 receptors in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. PLOS ONE 2010; 5(3): e9689. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009689.

Shi Q, Wang J, Yan S, Zhao J, Li H. Expression of neuropeptide Y and pro-opiomelanocortin in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in 17 α-ethinyl estradiol-induced intrahepatic cholestasis pregnant rat offspring. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 2014; 40: 445–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.12206.

Simon FR, Fortune J, Iwahashi M, Qadri I, Sutherland E. Multihormonal regulation of hepatic sinusoidal Ntcp gene expression. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2004; 287: G782–G794. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00379.2003.

Sjövall K, Sjövall J. Serum bile acid levels in pregnancy with pruritus (bile acids and steroids 158). Clinica Chimica Acta 1966; 13: 207–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(66)90294-4.

Smith AJ, Timmermans-Hereijgers JL, Roelofsen B, Wirtz KW, van Blitterswijk WJ, Smit JJ, Schinkel AH, Borst P. The human MDR3 P-glycoprotein promotes translocation of phosphatidylcholine through the plasma membrane of fibroblasts from transgenic mice. FEBS Letters 1994; 354: 263–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(94)01135-4.

Smolarczyk R, Wójcicka-Jagodzińska J, Piekarski P, Romejko E, Czajkowski K. The biochemical functions of the renal tubules and glomeruli in the course of intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2000; 89: 35–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-2115(99)00172-4.

Song X, Vasilenko A, Chen Y, Valanejad L, Verma R, Yan B, Deng R. Transcriptional dynamics of bile salt export pump during pregnancy: mechanisms and implications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Hepatology 2014; 60(6): 1993–2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.27171.

Sookoian S, Castaño G, Burgueño A, Gianotti TF, Pirola CJ. Association of the multidrug-resistance-associated protein gene (ABCC2) variants with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Journal of Hepatology 2008; 48: 125–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2007.08.015.

Sookoian S, Castaño G, Pirola CJ. Role of ABCC2 common variants in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008; 14: 2126–7. https://doi.org/10.3748%2Fwjg.14.2126.

Steel R, Parker ML. Jaundice in pregnancy. Medical Journal of Australia 1973; 1: 461. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1973.tb110489.x.

Steer PJ, Little MP, Kold-Jensen T, Chapple J, Elliott P. Maternal blood pressure in pregnancy, birth weight, and perinatal mortality in first births: prospective study. British Medical Journal 2004; 329: 1312. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38258.566262.7C.

Stieger B, Fattinger K, Madon J, Kullak-Ublick GA, Meier PJ. Drug- and estrogen-induced cholestasis through inhibition of the hepatocellular bile salt export pump (Bsep) of rat liver. Gastroenterology 2000; 118: 422–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(00)70224-1.

St-Pierre MV, Serrano MA, Macias RI, Dubs U, Hoechli M, Lauper U, Meier PJ, Marin JJ. Expression of members of the multidrug resistance protein family in human term placenta. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2000; 279: R1495–503. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.4.R1495.

Stramentinoli G, Di Padova C, Gualano M, Rovagnati P, Galli-Kienle M. Ethynylestradiol-induced impairment of bile secretion in the rat: protective effects of S-adenosyl- L-methionine and its implication in estrogen metabolism. Gastroenterology 1981; 80: 154–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(81)90206-7.

Stramentinoli G, Gualano M, Di Padova C. Effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on ethynylestradiol-induced impairment of bile flow in female rats. Experientia 1977; 33: 1361–2. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01920182.

Stramentinoli G, Gualano M, Rovagnati P, Di Padova C. Influence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on irreversible binding of ethynylestradiol to rat liver microsomes, and its implication in bile secretion. Biochemical Pharmacology 1979; 28: 981–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(79)90290-9.

Strehlow SL, Pathak B, Goodwin TM, Perez BM, Ebrahimi M, Lee RH. The mechanical PR interval in fetuses of women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2010; 203: 455.e1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.05.035.

Suri V, Jain R, Aggarwal N, Chawla YK, Kohli KK. Usefulness of fetal monitoring in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a prospective study. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2012; 286: 1419–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2482-4.

Svanborg A. A study of recurrent jaundice in pregnancy. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1954; 33: 434–44. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016345409157619.

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Tamiru AT, Rade BK, Ali O. The recurrent liver disorder of a pregnant mother: intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – a case report and literature review. International Medical Case Reports Journal 2021; 14: 73–76. https://doi.org/10.2147/IMCRJ.S299354.

Thomassen PA. Urinary bile acids during development of recurrent cholestasis of pregnancy. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 1979; 9: 417–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.1979.tb00906.x.

Thomassen PA. Urinary bile acids in late pregnancy and in recurrent cholestasis of pregnancy. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 1979; 9: 425–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.1979.tb00907.x.

Thorling L. Jaundice in pregnancy; a clinical study. Acta Medica Scandinavica Suppl 1955; 302: 1–123. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14398139/.

Tiitinen A, Laatikainen T, Rutanen EM, Ranta T, Koistinen R, Bohn H, Seppälä M. Placental protein 10 (PP10) in normal pregnancy and cholestasis of pregnancy. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1985; 92: 1137–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb03025.x.

Titaux C, Ternynck C, Pauchet M, Stichelbout M, Bizet G, Maboudou P, Onraed B, Cl�ment G, Lenne X, Potier G, Subtil D, Chudzinski A. Total alkaline phosphatase levels by gestational age in a large sample of pregnant women. Placenta 2023; 132: 32–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2022.12.005.

Trauner M, Boyer JL. Bile salt transporters: molecular characterization, function, and regulation. Physiological Reviews 2003; 83: 633–71. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00027.2002.

Tribe RM, Dann AT, Kenyon AP, Seed P, Shennan AH, Mallet A. Longitudinal profiles of 15 serum bile acids in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2010; 105: 585–95. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.633.

Triunfo S, Tomaselli M, Ferraro MI, Latartara E, Sassara GM, Carrozza C. Does mild intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy require an aggressive management? Evidence from a prospective observational study focused on adverse perinatal outcomes and pathological placental findings. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2022; 35(2): 212–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1714583.

Tsimoyiannis EC, Antoniou NC, Tsaboulas C, Papanikolaou N. Cholelithiasis during pregnancy and lactation. Prospective study. European Journal of Surgery 1994; 160: 627–31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7532015/.

Turro E, Astle WJ, Megy K. et al. Whole-genome sequencing of patients with rare diseases in a national health system. Nature 2020; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2434-2.

Turunen K, Helander K, Mattila KJ, Sumanen M. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is common among patients’ first-degree relatives. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2013; 92: 1108–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12168.

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Valdovinos-Bello V, García-Romero CS, Cervantes-Peredo A, García-Gómez E, Martínez-Ibarra A, Vázquez-Martínez ER, Valdespino Y, Cerbòn M. Body mass index implications in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and placental histopathological alterations. Annals of Hepatology 2023; 28(1): 100879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100879.

Vallejo M, Briz O, Serrano MA, Monte MJ, Marin JJ. Potential role of trans-inhibition of the bile salt export pump by progesterone metabolites in the etiopathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Journal of Hepatology 2006; 44: 1150–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2005.09.017.

van Helvoort A, Smith AJ, Sprong H, Fritzsche I, Schinkel AH, Borst P, van Meer G. MDR1 P-glycoprotein is a lipid translocase of broad specificity, while MDR3 P-glycoprotein specifically translocates phosphatidylcholine. Cell 1996; 87: 507–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81370-7.

Van Mil SW, Milona A, Dixon PH, Mullenbach R, Geenes VL, Chambers J, Shevchuk V, Moore GE, Lammert F, Glantz AG, Mattsson LA, Whittaker J, Parker MG, White R, Williamson C. Functional variants of the central bile acid sensor FXR identified in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Gastroenterology 2007; 133: 507–16. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.015

Vanjak D, Moreau R, Roche-Sicot J, Soulier A, Sicot C. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. An unusual but favorable association? Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 1123–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(91)90292-S.

Varadi DP. Pruritus induced by crude bile and purified bile acids. Experimental production of pruritus in human skin. Archives of Dermatology 1974; 109: 678–81. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1974.01630050024005.

Vasavan T, Deepak S, Jayawardane IA, Lucchini M, Martin C, Geenes V, Yang J, Lövgren-Sandblom A, Seed PT, Chambers J, Stone S, Kurlak L, Dixon PH, Marschall H-U, Gorelik J, Chappell L, Loughna P, Thornton J, Pipkin FB, Hayes-Gill B, Fifer WP, Williamson C. Fetal cardiac dysfunction in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is associated with elevated serum bile acid concentrations. Journal of Hepatology 2020; 74(5): 1087–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.038.

Vasavan T, Ferraro E, Ibrahim E, Dixon P, Gorelik J, Williamson C. Heart and bile acids – Clinical consequences of altered bile acid metabolism. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2018; 1864(4 Pt B): 1345–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.039.